Auto Business in Canada Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Auto Business in Canada - Essay Example There are concerns about the pace of progress towards increased regulatory cooperation across North America, the implications of a possible Canada-Korea free trade agreement, the proposal by the federal government to regulate fuel consumption, and the approach to consumer incentives and levies announced in the last federal budget. There is concern about the plans of several provinces to establish their own regulations on fuel emissions. There is concern about the accelerated Capital Cost Allowance announced in the recent federal budget and the Ontario government's commitment to support environmental R&D as examples of government actions in support of certain strategies to attract investment and ensure the Canadian auto sector remains strong and internationally competitive. ("Canadian Automotive Partnership Council Discusses Competitiveness Issues," 2007) There is increased cooperation across governments and closer cooperation with the US in addressing the key issues raised with regard to auto industry. The governments should ensure a competitive tax regime and business environment, a greater degree of harmonization with the US in setting safety and environmental regulations, as well as a fair international trade regime. The assessment of the required level of assistance will take into consideration the total assistance from all levels of government (e.g., federal, provincial and municipal assistance). This includes assistance such as all Grants and Contributions being considered, implicit subsidies, forgivable loans, investment tax credits and any other grant or contribution. All recipients of financial assistance will be required to disclose any other government financial assistance received or requested for this prior to the approval of the contributions. Budget2007 demonstrates the government's commitment to addressing automotive sector interests, in providing generous capital cost allowances, significant investments in gateway and transportation infrastructure and measures to foster innovation and green technologies. Through the auto strategy, the government has leveraged more than $7billion in new investments that will create thousands of jobs and help position Ontario's auto industry for long-term competitiveness. Focus is given on how to build on this success while helping the industry meet the near-term challenges of a major global restructuring and the need for improved

Short Answers 1. ULTRA 2. Marshall Gregori Zhukov 3.General George C Essay

Short Answers 1. ULTRA 2. Marshall Gregori Zhukov 3.General George C. Marshall 4. Anzio 5. Operation Fortitude 6.Kursk 7.The Fal - Essay Example 2. Marshal Georgi Zhukov was the leading Red Army strategist behind Soviet victories at Moscow, Stalingrad and at Berlin. He was instrumental in developing defensive strategies that led to the Germans’ defeat. A leading member of the Stavka, Zhukov â€Å"more than any other one man was responsible for the formulation and implementation of Soviet strategy.†? His victory at Moscow and subsequent counter-offensive at Stalingrad devastated the Wehrmacht and turned the war in the Soviets’ favor after a string of near-catastrophic losses during the early weeks of Operation Barbarossa. After driving the Nazis out of Russia, Zhukov ultimately led the Red Army to victory in 1945 at Berlin, taking the city despite fierce resistance. (Name) 3 3. General George C. Marshall was in large part architect of the Allies’ victory in World War 2. As the grand organizer of the Allies’ war effort, he orchestrated the invasion of the European continent. He also managed th e massive U.S. war effort on two fronts, balancing the need for overwhelming manpower and materiel between Europe and the Pacific. Ultimately, Marshall was â€Å"responsible for the building, supplying, and, in part, the deploying of over eight million soldiers.†? After the war, the Marshall Plan became the blueprint for recovery in Europe and set the stage for subsequent prosperity in Western Europe. Marshall was awarded the Nobel Prize for Peace in 1953. 4. Anzio, the battle subsequent to Operation Shingle, was an attempt by the Allies to outflank the German army and free the road to Rome. Strategically, the Allies sought to liberate Italy but were facing stalemate north of Naples.4 Despite a successful landing, the Americans and British were pinned down by the Germans but managed to hold the beachhead, finally breaking through to Rome and liberating the city. The fighting at Anzio occupied German troops that could not be committed to the defense of Normandy on D-Day, with the Germans eventually committing approximately 80,000 additional troops to the defense of Italy. 5. Operation Fortitude was the name the Allies used for a campaign of deception prior to the Normandy landings. Aimed at keeping the Wehrmacht off balance and confused, it led the German high command to believe that the Allied landing would take place at Pas de Calais. Ultimately, the objective of Operation Fortitude was to keep (Name) 4 the Germans from concentrating their forces in Normandy. One of the war’s most successful deception campaigns, Operation Fortitude had the desired effect: â€Å"As a result, (the Germans) embarked on relatively few defensive preparations, mostly along the Pas de Calais on the Channel Coast north of the River Seine.†5 6. The Battle of Kursk technically marked the end of the German initiative in the eastern war. From a tactical standpoint, the Soviet victory at Kursk was a triumph of the Red Army’s use of â€Å"redundant† defen se, or defense in depth, which utilized a devastating and meticulous combination of artillery, tank units and other defensive weapons. This approach proved the undoing of the Wehrmacht’s famous Blitzkrieg approach to offensive warfare. Designed to overwhelm a foe in a single massive stroke, the German Blitzkrieg broke against a series of Russian defensive positions. â€Å"

The Dangerous Danger That Dangers the Danger Essay Example for Free

The Dangerous Danger That Dangers the Danger Essay PURPOSE The purpose of this experiment is to determine if the elasticity of bubble gum affects the diameter of a bubble blown with the gum. HYPOTHESIS If the elasticity of the bubble gum is higher, then the diameter of the bubble blown will be significantly larger because the bubble will be able to stretch farther, therefore giving it a larger diameter. The independent variable is the elasticity of the gum. The dependent variable is the diameter of the bubble blown. The constants are the stopwatch used, environment tested in, and temperature outside. There was no control group. MATERIALS  · 3 tape measurers  · 1 piece of Bubble Yum Original gum  · 1 piece of Wrigley’s Extra bubble gum  · 1 piece of Orbit Spearmint gum  · 1 piece of Mentos Tropical Mix gum  · 1 piece of Trident Tropical Twist gum  · 8 strands of Big League Chew gum  · 4-6 test subjects to chew gum  · 6 data sheets  · 1 pen PROCEDURE Part 1: 1. Gather materials. 2. Take one piece of Orbit Spearmint gum. 3. Chew the gum for approximately three minutes (the exact time does not matter). 4. Take the chewed gum and begin to blow a bubble. 5. Use the tape measurer to measure the diameter of the bubble when the bubble is at its largest. 6. Record the diameter of the bubble blown onto data sheet. 7. Repeat steps 4-6 two more times. 8. Proceed to Part 2. 9.Repeat steps 2-8 for all the types of gum. Part 2: 1. Remove gum from mouth. 2. Place the wrapper on the ends of the gum and slowly pull it apart. 3. Measure the length of the gum while continuing to pull it apart until the gum breaks or sags to the ground. 4. Record the length the bubble gum stretched before breaking. 5. Analyze and draw conclusions. WRITTEN RESULTS AND ANALYSIS The data collected from this experiment shows that overall Big League Chew produced the largest bubble, and Bubble Yum had the largest elasticity. Orbit Spearmint and Trident Tropical Twist produced the two smallest average bubble diameters; also, both had the smallest elasticity. The remaining brands fell into the middle of the categories; Wrigley’s Extra had a bubble diameter average of 8 millimeters and an average elasticity of 3500 millimeters, and Mentos Tropical Mix had a bubble average of 5.7 millimeters and an average elasticity of 1200 millimeters. Bubble Yum Original had an average diameter of 72 millimeters and an average elasticity of 4000 millimeters, and Big League Chew had an average bubble diameter of 100 millimeters and an average elasticity of 1500 millimeters. Lastly, Orbit Spearmint had an average bubble diameter of 24 millimeters and an average elasticity of 800 mm, and Trident Tropical Mix had an average bubble diameter of 20 millimeters with an average e lasticity of 1050 millimeters. The largest bubbles with the greatest elasticity had significantly larger servings of gum than all of the other brands. The small bubble sizes and poor elasticity could be because of the small size. CONCLUSION The purpose of this experiment was to determine if the elasticity of bubble gum affects the size of its bubble. The hypothesis for the experiment was if the gum has a high elasticity, then it will blow a larger bubble because it would be able to stretch out more. The hypothesis was supported because the results of the experiment showed that the bubble gum with higher elasticity generally had higher bubble sizes. The bubble gum types that stretched the most and also had the largest diameters were Bubble Yum Original and Big League Chew. The bubble gums with the least elasticity and the smallest diameters were Orbit Spearmint and Trident Tropical Twist. The scientific explanation for the results is that the higher amounts of elasticity in the gum allowed it to expand and stretch more, giving it a larger diameter. Attempts to limit errors in this experiment included using three trials, testing with the same person per type of gum, using the same measuring devices, and the testing enviro nment. Some possible sources of error were the fact that there were different people chewing the gum, the measuring was not always always accurate, there was a time constraint forcing the experiment to be rushed, and the gum bubble sizes were dependent on the person chewing it. From this experiment, it is suggested that the elasticity of bubble gum does affect the bubble size. In future experiments, more types of gum could be used to get a better sense of the results. In the real world, this information can be applied so that people don’t chew gum with high elasticity in schools. If someone is chewing gum of high elasticity, it would make bigger bubbles, make a louder sound, disrupt the classroom, and be a big problem academically for the students.

An Overview of Existentialism Theory

An Overview of Existentialism Theory In a clearer sense Existentialism is a 20th century philosophy that is examined the idea of existence and of the way people found themselves existing in the world. The idea is that people as individuals exist first and then each person spends their existence varying their understanding of that their lifes nature or essence was meant to be. In a simpler term, existentialism is a philosophical thinking that a person might experience when worried with finding their self and what the meaning of life may be through, life choices, free will, and the undertaking of personal responsibility. The principle is that we as humans are searching to discover who and what we are throughout life, as we make choices based on experiences, attitude, and sometimes beliefs. What is more individual choices becoming distinctive without the need of a detached form of truth. An existentialist might consider that a person ought to be required to decide and be accountable for their own existence without the assistance of other things such as laws, cultural rules, or rituals. Existentialism takes thought of the basic notions: Human free will Human nature is chosen through life choices A person is best when struggling against their individual nature, fighting for life Decisions are not without stress and consequences There are things that are not rational Personal responsibility and discipline is crucial Society is unnatural and its traditional religious and secular rules are arbitrary Worldly desire is futile Existentialism can mostly be described in a multiplicity of perceptions and really there cant be one given answer as to what it really is, but still it does not embrace any of the idea: wealth, pleasure, or honor make the good life social values and structure control the individual accept what is and that is enough in life science can and will make everything better people are basically good but ruined by society or external forces I want my way, now! or It is not my fault! mentality (All About, n.d.) There is a varied diversity of philosophical thinking, religious beliefs, and political ideas that make up what existentialism is, so there is no general agreement in a subjective set of beliefs and ideals. Since beliefs vary, each gets that the individuals best freedom is whats important for people within a society. Existentialisms Influence on Humanity Existentialistic beliefs came at a time where in society there was a sense of hopelessness following World War II and the Great Depression. There was an essence of confidence in people whose life that was devastated by events of World War I and its tragedies. This depression had been voiced by existential philosophers such as Kierkegaard, Dostoyevsky, Nietzsche and Sartre well in to the 70s and has remained on to this day as a common way of thoughtfulness and reasoning. With freedom to decide ones desired belief and lifestyle, an existentialist could a very of things from being a religious moralist, agnostic relativist, or an amoral atheist. With Kierkegaard being a religious philosopher, Sartre an atheist and Nietzsche an anti-Christian. Being credited for their workings and literatures on existentialism. With Sartre being noticed for taking the philosophy to global attention in the 20th century era. With a philosophy work based on a lecture called Existentialism is a Humanism he gave in Paris, 1945. Then a well-liked starting point for debates on Existentialist views, his work has been criticized by some philosophers. Even Sartre later disapproved of some of the views he stated and had regression over its publication. Each basically agrees that human life cannot be fully complete and completely pleasing since due to misery and past or current suffering that occurred when reflecting on ones lack of power, control and perfection over their lives. While they did approve on that life is not always satisfying, it nevertheless has a meaning. The hunt and journey one takes for find their true self and true personal meaning in life. The arbitrary act when someone or society attempts to insist or demand that their rules or beliefs are to be closely accepted and observed. Existentialists trusted that this destroyed individuality and makes a person become what the people in power desired, (similar to Michel Foucault on docile bodies) thus dehumanizing them and reducing them to being an object. A persons decision is the important factor when taking into account what is to be trusted rather than religious or cultural rules. References All About (n.d.). Existentialism. [online] Available at: http://www.allaboutphilosophy.org/existentialism.htm [Accessed 10 Jan. 2017]. Burnham, D. and Papandreopoulos, G. (n.d.). Existentialism. [online] Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Available at: http://www.iep.utm.edu/existent/ [Accessed 10 Jan. 2017]. CrashCourse, (2016). Existentialism: Crash Course Philosophy #16. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YaDvRdLMkHs [Accessed 9 Jan. 2017]. Foucault, M. (1995). Discipline and Punish. 1st ed. New York: Vintage Books. Sartre, J. (1948). Existentialism and Humanism. 1st ed. London: Methuen. Slow cinema is a cinematography style which stems from the artist film genre and which involves conveying a sense of a designed slowness to its viewer. Films in this genre often involves a lot of resistance to the use of movement and sometimes emotions, the absence of causality and focus on realism, such as, silent in a car. (ÇaÄÅ ¸layan, 2014) This affect is normally achieved through the practice of using long takes, minimalist acting, slow or inexistent movements of the camera, and sparse editing along with unconventional music. Slow cinema came from the slow movement which encouraged a social change toward slowing down ones life pace. It apparently began in the year 1986 with Carlo Petrinis protest against an opening of a McDonalds in Rome. This eventually sparked the creation of what was called the slow food movement. And over time, this had established into sub cultures in other areas, like slow cities, slow fashion and of course slow cinema. The slow moniker has successively been related to a range of activities and parts of culture, especially in a world that now release on things being so fast, such as action movies and fast food. I happened to then look for books and even thesiss relating to slow cinema, being delighted to read The Multisensory Film Experience a book that argues that it is the experience one feels from the viewing of film that is inherently multisensory and not the medium, contained a great deal of significances to materials and elements that is also appropriate for use in Slow Cinema, or that comes specially from slow films. The book even discusses Slow Cinema, which hadnt shocked me at all. With the help of its supporting video so to help get a better understanding of how these techniques would work, it claims that the multisensory experience in viewing a film can be felt mainly in ones with little to no dialogue. Films which have permitted time for its viewers experience and films which are often seriously concerned with beauty or the appreciation of beauty in its cinematics be in colourful landscapes or thoughtfulness of subject framing. That is not to say that other genres of films creat ed dont create or give this experience. It is simply more challenging to identify with blockbuster styled action movie as multisensory experience rather than as a product which uses image and sound extremely, nevertheless that doesnt mean it isnt there. Particularly, Antunes states that By using non-verbal communication and the senses, these films capture the interest of various audiences. The experiential appeal of these films is universal. (Antunes, 2016:7). The point that it is the experiential aspect is universal describes to me why there seems to be a relatively sizable group of people fascinated by slow cinema based films, and when asked why they are attracted to it, it seems that they may all feel the same way. Surely to different degrees, nonetheless its constantly about the individuals own experiential characteristic towards the films, not about how they feel towards the actress looks, or how staggering the use of movie cuts occurred. There is a feeling that lies within these individuals own identity in a way, who appreciate slow cinema, and I believe that me reading Antunes book is a very good start to discovering this feeling, the same way with discovering the feeling relating to Existentialism. Although the video above isnt a fair comparison it is to gain an understanding of the major scenes of slow cinema verses Hollywood blockbusters might entail. Different genres give a different experience especially when it comes to the use of cinematic framing and even acting. The viewers are there to experience the film in a different light. To me the experience you acquire from viewing slow cinema is subjective and generally individual; so, I cant prove anything or write a neutral scientific review backed up with facts I can only show you the style and methods it uses in hope that you can experience it in a similar way to me. But film viewing isnt fact, its experience. It always has been and it will always will be, be it that were discussing films of from the popular mainstream releases or to niche art house cinema. References Antunes, L. (2016). The Multisensory Film Experience. 1st ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Antunes, L. (2016). The Multisensory Film Experience: A Cognitive Model of Experiential Film Aesthetics (Luis R. Antunes, 2016, Intellect Books). Available at: https://vimeo.com/166639673 [Accessed 5 Jan. 2017]. Alayan, O. (2014). SCREENING BOREDOM: The History and Aesthetics of Slow Cinema. Ph.D. University of Kent. JoBlo Movie Trailers, (2014). Night Moves Official Movie Clip #1 (2014) Jesse Eisenberg, Dakota Fanning HD. [image] Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zU96c-uEWxc [Accessed 5 Jan. 2017]. Keene, S. (2015). Slow Cinema vs Hollywood. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W-YTt8zfCOw [Accessed 5 Jan. 2017]. Existentialism being a catch-all word used for those philosophers who consider the nature of the human condition as the crucial philosophical problem and who share the opinion that this problem is best tackled through what is called ontology. With existentialism being a philosophical theory that a person is an unrestricted being who have power over their own choices and actions. Existentialists believe that people should not limit their individuals life or actions and that limitations constrain a persons free-will and the growth of that persons real potential. To get a better understanding existentialism, it was important for me to look into examples of existential situations, activities and questions. It was also fun to look into how the media industry use of this theory is done and which movies and directors were famous for their use of existentialism. Common Existential Actions Taking charge for your own actions. Deciding your career based on what you think is the most significant way to spend your future. Living your life without concern on following all if any of commonly-held religious or social beliefs Trusting in yourself that as educator you are offering a positive and critical role in the growing of your students. And more extreme behaviors such as releasing all of your belongings and going on some sort of self-journey. Existential Questions To get an understanding of how existentialism view life, here are instances where existential questions may come into play: Who am I? What is my real purpose or identity? What is the meaning of life? What is the meaning of existence? What is my greater purpose? What is death? And what happens when to a person when they die? Is there a god? And if there is a god, what is the nature of god? Existential Crisis Examples An existential crisis is when a major changes relating to life or tragedy happens and causes us to start questioning our real identity. Such as: Being in education you entire life and have become so used to the routine however when youve come towards the end you not entirely sure which path you want to continue with. You fall in love and want to live with that person forever. Then you discover that person does not feel the same way. You identify yourself as an athlete and have a promising career. Then you have a severe injury and your career is over. At that point, you would have an existential crisis because you have defined yourself as an athlete. If you are raised to believe that God rewards good people and punishes bad people, you may have a problem coping with injustice or cruel acts inflicted by bad people on good people. You see yourself as a parent so when the children leave the home, you are faced with a crisis in how you perceive yourself. You are a soldier and you have been told that you will be considered a hero by people you are trying to help. Then you find out that they hate you. Existentialism x Media Monty Python dealt with existentialism in their 1983 film Monty Pythons The Meaning of Life Alice in Wonderland Alice wishes she hadnt come there but it was her decision and no one elses. In Natasha Bedingfields song, Unwritten where in the lyrics she explain that no one else can take the blame since it was a person decision out of their own free will to do it. Feel the rain on your skin, No one else can feel it for you, Only you can let it inà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ No one else, no one else In the movie Stranger than Fiction the character Professor Hilbert implies that Harold can do whatever pleases him, even if it just means eating nothing but pancakes. This is to point out that he should go out and live his life. The movie I Heart Huckabees. In this movie a character uses a blanket to represent the universe and that each part of the blanket is a person or thing. Theatre of the Absurd has roots in existentialism as shown in Waiting for Godot by Samuel Beckett, where characters discuss their lives while waiting for Godot. In Jean-Paul Sartres No Exit , people are left in a room and they think it is hell but no one arrives to torture them. They soon see that they really there to torment one another but instead they converse about each others lives. Directors of Existentialist Films Some movie directors are well-known for their existentialist films such as: Christopher Nolan Stanley Kubrick Woody Allen Wes Anderson Jean-Luc Godard Charlie Kaufman These are all different examples that can help gain a better understanding of what existentialism is and how it has been used in the media, both in film and music, also who is known for using elements of this theory in the process of their creative process. References: Burnham, D. and Papandreopoulos, G. (n.d.). Existentialism. [online] Iep.utm.edu. Available at: http://www.iep.utm.edu/existent/ [Accessed 4 Jan. 2017]. CrashCourse, (2016). Existentialism: Crash Course Philosophy #16. [image] Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YaDvRdLMkHs [Accessed 4 Jan. 2017]. YourDictionary. (n.d.). Examples of Existentialism. [online] Available at: http://examples.yourdictionary.com/examples-of-existentialism.html [Accessed 4 Jan. 2017]. With my idea following the styling of slow cinema, its meaning even more importance is put on the use of cinematic and well as how the characters are framed in order for the viewers to get the emotions and feelings of the character without having to use dialog, so i began researching how best to do this has I have loved the work of Tom Campbell. There are many different techniques to express emotions on screen, from obviously expressing it with dialog to tapping into the use psychological effects related to colour. But framing shots in specific ways can also be really effective at communicating a characters emotional and mental state. Though it might seem like a bit of a puzzling idea, of communicating feelings through visuals however it is relatively straightforward. There are a number of elements in filmmaking that do the job, and filmmakers, like Steve McQueen, Frank Darabont and Alfonso Cuarà ³n combined them to produce some of the most effectively moving and emotional scenes in cinematics. From watching the video by Simon Cade DSLRguide, one of the main pieces of information that was just briefly touched upon, is that storytelling with the use of cinematography is basically the art of visually portraying some sort of change. If your characters happen to go through an important change during the script, let your cinematographic selections reveal that change. Lets say that a character starts out, terrified, shy or timid of the world around him. You could start off with framings that minimizes the characters size while accentuating and increasing the situation around him. The use of Wide-angled lenses are great for this purpose as they capture more of whats in view. Then, as the narrative develops and the character becomes self-confident, your framings and lens choice should begin to develop with that change. Instead of using wide-angles, you choose a longer focal length that separate the character from their foreground and background, and frame them so that they are equa l or even larger in the frame as the other characters around them. The other important insight from watching this video shows is that with cinematography, none of these rules are set in stone. As weve seen from many other experimental pieces and even TV shows, rules are meant to be broken, and in fact, many filmmakers overlooked these conventions in their own work such as cinematographer Tom Campbell on Mr. Robot. The essential thing is that you make knowledgeable use of cinematic choices based on whats happening in the story and what your character is undergoing emotionally. James Manning discusses a bit on how the producers of the award-winning TV show Mr. Robot uses framing, namely quadrant framing, to communicate the social anxiety and distrust experienced by its protagonist, and we me taking inspiration from the show on how to frame my characters to help show theyre emotions on scene without having to using dialog. As we have seen there are numerous different recognised concepts about composition and storytelling with just cinematics, that looks to enlighten us on how a characters placing within a frame affects the audiences understanding of the scene. The general view of the Rule of Thirds states the frame is split into horizontal and vertical guide lines that create a multi-quadrant grid, the crossings of them then serves as the focal point for anything of significant to the image such as faces and objects. There are many ways to play around with this perception such as placing the things of main importance at a crossing, but you can also communicate different things by placing your subject inside a certain quadrant. An example by, how the creators placing Elliot in the bottom left quadrant gives the feeling of how he is isolated, and even untrusting of what is around him. The reason for this stems from the relationship between positive space and negative space with negative space being the space that surrounds a subject, while positive space is usually the subject itself. If a character, which is conventionally the focal point of the framing, simply takes a small portion of the frame, the negative space enhances and becomes much more noticeable and even consuming, which can result in provoking emotions such as isolation, loneliness, suspicion, distrust and powerlessness. References CineFix, (2016). 3 Brilliant Moments in the Visuals of Emotion. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NDFTFFA0LtE [Accessed 3 Jan. 2017]. DSLRguide, (2015). Composition + Framing Storytelling with Cinematography. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MfIanZimZR8 [Accessed 3 Jan. 2017]. Manning, J. (2016). Mr Robot: Unconventional Framing (Video Essay). Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Se6ftrRd5KM [Accessed 3 Jan. 2017].

Alcoholism- How Alcohol Affects the Body and Mind Essay -- Alcoholism:

In chemistry terms, alcohol is any organic compound where a hydroxyl group (-OH) is bound to a carbon atom from an alkyl. A hydroxyl group is a group consisting of an oxygen and hydrogen atom, bonded by a covalent bond. A covalent bonded is when two non-metals are bonded together. The type of alcohol suitable for consumption is known an Ethanol. Ethanol is a straight-chain alcohol, and its molecular formula is C2H5OH. Ethanol is one of the oldest recreational drugs. When a person drinks alcohol, it affects the central nervous system as a depressant, which causes a decrease in activity, anxiety, inhibitions and any underlying tension. Alcohol impairs concentration and judgment, even after only a few drinks. The intake of alcohol slows motor skills and clouds thinking. In some instances, when intoxicated, blackouts and memory loss occur because alcohol cuts off the supply of oxygen to the brain. Every time a person becomes intoxicated thousands of brain cells are killed, because of the lack of oxygen. Another harmful occurrence is blood sludging, or when red blood cells clump together. Blood sludging cuts off oxygen from tissues and kills cells. This type of cell loss causes red eyes in the morning, and broken capillaries. Blood sludging is important to recognize because it can lead to hemorrhaging and furthermore, to death. Alcoholism can be defined as a habitual intoxication or, the prolonged and excessive intake of alcoholic drinks, leading to a breakdown in health and an addiction to alcohol. Symptoms of alcoholism include, but are not limited to: confusion, drinking alone, making excuses to drink, neglecting to eat, not caring for physical appearance, lack of control over drinking and episodes of violence while drinking... ...scovery. 5 May 2004. Web. 18 Oct. 2014. . 9. "Google Health Alcoholism Information | AiR Assistance in Recovery." AiR Assistance in Recovery - Intervention, drug and alcoholism recovery management services. Web. 18 Oct. 2014. . 10. "Health - Delirium tremens." Google. Web. 18 Oct. 2014. . 11. "Hydroxyl." Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. 8 Oct. 2009. Web. 18 Oct. 2014. . 12. "Alcohol Metabolism." Alcoholism - The Alcoholism Home Page. Web. 22 Oct. 2014. . 13. "Alcohol Metabolism." Elmhurst College: Elmhurst, Illinois. Web. 22 Oct. 2014. .

Brave New World Essay -- essays research papers

Summary: Chapter 1 The novel opens in the Central London Hatchery and Conditioning Centre. The year is a.f. 632 (632 years â€Å"after Ford†). The Director of Hatcheries and Conditioning is giving a group of students a tour of a factory that produces human beings and conditions them for their predestined roles in the World State. He explains to the boys that human beings no longer produce living offspring. Instead, surgically removed ovaries produce ova that are fertilized in artificial receptacles and incubated in specially designed bottles. The Hatchery destines each fetus for a particular caste in the World State. The five castes are Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Epsilon. Gamma, Delta, and Epsilon undergo the Bokanovsky Process which involves shocking an egg so that it divides to form up to ninety-six identical embryos, which then develop into ninety-six identical human beings. The Alpha and Beta embryos never undergo this dividing process, which can weaken the embryos. The Director explains that the Bokanovsky Process facilitates social stability because the clones it produces are predestined to perform identical tasks at identical machines. The cloning process is one of the tools the World State uses to implement its guiding motto: â€Å"Community, Identity, Stability.† The Director goes on to describe Podsnap’s Technique which speeds up the ripening process of eggs within a single ovary. With this method, hundreds of related individuals can be produced from the ova and sperm of the same man and woman within two years. The average production rate using Podsnap’s Technique is 11,000 brothers and sisters in 150 batches of identical twins. Called over by the director, Mr. Henry Foster, an employee at the plant, tells the attentive students that the record for this particular factory is over 16,000 siblings. The Director and Henry Foster continue to explain the processes of the plant to the boys. After fertilization, the embryos travel on a conveyor belt in their bottles for 267 days, the gestation time period for a human fetus. On the last day, they are â€Å"decanted,† or born. The entire process is designed to mimic the conditions within a human womb, including shaking every few meters to familiarize the fetuses with movement. Seventy percent of the female fetuses are sterilized; they are known as â€Å"freemartins.† The fetuses undergo different treatments depending ... ...Helmholtz is preoccupied with the thought that his writing talent could be better used than simply for writing hypnopaedic phrases. His work leaves him feeling empty and unfulfilled. Bernard becomes nervous, jumping up at one point because he thinks, wrongly, that someone is listening at the door. Summary: Chapter 5 After a game of Obstacle Golf, Henry and Lenina fly in a helicopter over a crematorium where phosphorous is collected from burning bodies for fertilizer. They drink coffee with soma before heading off to the Westminster Abbey Cabaret. They take another soma dose before they return to Henry’s apartment. Although the repeated doses of soma have made them almost completely oblivious to the world around them, Lenina remembers to use her contraceptives. Every other Thursday, Bernard has to take part in Solidarity Service at the Fordson Community Singery. The participants sit twelve to a table, alternating men and women. While a rousing hymn plays, the participants pass a cup of strawberry ice cream soma and take a soma tablet with it. They work themselves into a frenzy of exultation and the ceremony ends in a sex orgy that leaves Bernard feeling more isolated than ever.

Relationships between Satisfaction with Life Essay

   Abstract   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Satisfaction with life is a concept highly valued in today’s society. In an effort to understand mechanisms behind the life satisfaction, present study investigated the relationships between social network size, optimism and conscientiousness and the outcome variable, satisfaction with life. The four variables were measured through the use of a survey. Participants were students from California State University, Fullerton. A correlational analysis of the data showed a significant positive relationship between optimism, and conscientiousness and satisfaction with life. It was also found that individuals with large social network size were more satisfied than those with small social network size. These findings imply that improving levels of optimism and conscientiousness and increasing one’s social network can insure greater life satisfaction. Relationships between Satisfaction with Life, Social Network Size, Optimism, and Conscientiousness   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Satisfaction with life is most often one of the greatest concerns of an individual’s life. There is a general belief that an inability to achieve satisfaction with one’s life indicates an unsuccessful life. Because of this socially generated drive for satisfaction with life, one is made to wonder. What factors are related to the experience of life satisfaction? What variables are good predictors of life satisfaction?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   One suspected variable that would act as a good predictor of satisfaction with life is social network size. A social network refers to an individual’s link or relationship with other individuals. This link can cause certain social behavior to be explained (Mitchell, 1969). Quinn, Gavigan, and Franklin (1980) defined social networks to be the social units an individual is placed in contact with. Quinn et al. (1980) studied the effects of social network interaction on life satisfaction in older adults. The findings indicated that social network interaction was not a good predictor of satisfaction with life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Another study conducted by Bowling,   Farquhar, ands Browne (1991) indicated that social network size is a poor indicator of life satisfaction. The study involved the participation of two types of individuals – those who lived in rural neighborhoods and those who lived in urban neighborhoods. Bowling et al. (1991) noted larger reported social network sizes for individuals in the urban areas as opposed to those in the rural areas. Despite this difference in reported social network sizes, life satisfaction between the two groups was not found to be different. This may, however, have been a result of difference in the levels of interaction available to individuals residing in the two areas. The insignificant findings may have been a result of the inherent differences between neighborhoods and therefore not representative of the social network size of a given individual.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Optimism is a second variable deemed to be related to feelings of satisfaction with life. A greater sense of optimism allows one to maintain an outlook on life that allows for the consideration of the world as a generally positive place. Research exploring the life satisfaction felt by retired physicians showed that greater optimism resulted in a greater satisfaction with their life. (Austrom, Perkins, Damush, and Hendrie, 2003) In retired individuals, especially, optimism may be an essential variable for achieving life satisfaction as it may also be a coping mechanism to the sudden change in lifestyle for the said individuals. The retired physicians felt that the greatest challenge going against their satisfaction with life was in the loss of their professional roles, thus, optimism might have served as a form of mediation between the two stages of the transition. Having a positive outlook on the way their lives was going allowed these physicians to better accept the end of their professional careers and to look forward to the beginning of their retired life. The probable importance of optimism as a mediator was also evidenced by the fact that in the same study by Austrom et al. (2003) it was found that optimism didn’t play as significant a role in determining life satisfaction when it came to the physician’s wives. This may have been due to the fact that they did not need to maintain a positive outlook to boost a sudden change in life roles.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Optimism and not pessimism, which involves having a negative outlook on life, is found to be a greater predictor of life satisfaction. This was specifically found by a study conducted by Chang & Sanna (2003). Thus in the present study, only the variable of optimism will be taken into consideration and not its counterpart, pessimism.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Another variable that may show a relationship with an individual’s satisfaction with life is the personality trait of conscientiousness. Conscientiousness has been investigated by many researchers in terms of how well it predicts an individual’s life satisfaction. This trait refers to an individual’s tendency to be organized, diligent and reliable in their behavior. (Chapman, Duberstein, and Lyness, 2007) Conscientiousness may have a role to play in satisfaction because conscientious individuals are able to have more mature defenses and are also able to have a quality of life that is considered by most to be above par as they are able to have more responsibility and control over their health, their social interactions, and their general well-being (Chapman et al, 2007). It may well be that the same link can be found between conscientiousness and life satisfaction. If higher levels of conscientiousness indicate higher quality of life, it may also indicate greater degree of satisfaction with life as a result of the same mechanisms.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A study by Lounsbury, Saudarga, Gibson, and Leong (2005) examined just this relationship. Through an inspection of the personality characteristics accounted for in the Big Five, it was found that conscientiousness along with extroversion, agreeableness, neuroticism, and openness to experience account for 45% of total perceived life satisfaction. Is conscientiousness, then, as a variable independent of the other personality traits in the Big Five, significantly related to satisfaction with life?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The present study aims to investigate the relationships that exist between satisfaction with life and the three variables stated above: social network size, optimism, and conscientiousness. Based on the empirical evidence provided by past literature, it is predicted that satisfaction with life will be significantly correlated to optimism and conscientiousness. A greater level of optimism and conscientiousness in an individual will indicate a greater satisfaction with life. Also, social network size is hypothesized to have no significant difference on satisfaction with life. The last hypothesis is based on the findings of past literature. However, due to the questionable nature of past studies and how these measured social network against life satisfaction, the present study’s hypothesis may turn out to be negated. It is hypothesized, then, that the variables of optimism and conscientiousness will have a significant and direct relationship with satisfaction with life while that of social network size will have no significant difference on satisfaction with life. Methodology Participants   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The participants of the study totaled 91 students, 23 (25.3%) of whom were male and 68(74.7%) of whom were female. (See Table 1 in Appendix for tabulated figures) All the participants were enrolled in Research Method in Psychology classes at the California State University, Fullerton. The ethnicity break down of the participants is the following: African American – 1.1%, Asian (Pacific Islander) – 3.3%, Caucasian – 49.5%, Hispanic – 27.5%, Middle Eastern – 2.2%, Southeast Asian – 2.2%, multiethnic – 11%. 3.3% of the participants reported to having other types of ethnicity.   (See Table 2 in Appendix for tabulated figures) The range in ages of the participants was from 19 years to 46 years. The mean age was 23 years old. (See Table 3 in Appendix for tabulated figures) None of the participants received incentive for their participation. There were no extra credits or monetary compensations given in exchange for their contribution to the study. Materials or Measures   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS; Watson, Clark, & Tellegen, 1988). The PANAS measures trait negative affect or the affective well being of the participants. It is composed of a 10-item scale designed to measure typical experiences of negative affect. Participants are able to rate the extent to which they experience certain mood states such as distressed, upset, scared, and irritable. They are able to do this through the indicators of a 5-point scale (very slightly or not at all, a little, moderately, quite a bit, extremely). The participants were asked to indicate to what extent they felt each feeling or emotion listed during the past two weeks from the time of the survey.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS; Diener, Emmons, Larsen & Griffin, 1985) The SWLS is a global measure for subjective well-being and life satisfaction. Diener et al (1985) defined life satisfaction as a conscious cognitive judgment life. This entails an individual’s comparison of their own life experiences with a self-set standard. The scale is composed of 5 items and utilizes a 7-point Likert-type scale (1-strongly disagree to 7-strongly agree).   The items of the test included statements such as â€Å"The conditions of my life are excellent† and â€Å"If I could live my life over, I would change almost nothing.† Possible total scores range from 5 to 35. A resulting score ranging from 5 to 19 signifies dissatisfaction while scores between 21-31 signify satisfaction.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Life Orientation Test (LOT-R; Scheier, Carver, & Bridges, 1994) The LOT-R measures generalized optimism. The test is made up of 10 items. Participants will indicate the extent to which they agree with the 10 statements in the test through a 5-point Likert-type scale (0-strongly disagree to 4-strongly agree). The statements involved sentiments like â€Å"in uncertain times, I usually expect the best†. A participant can achieve a score from 0 to 24 with a higher score indicating greater levels of optimism.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Big Five Inventory (BFI; John, Donahue, & Kentle, 1994) The BFI was used to assess the personalities of the participants with regards to the five aspects included in the big five namely extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and openness to experience. The BFI consists of 44 items that ask the participants to rank themselves on a 5-point Likert-type scale (1-disagree strongly to 5-agree strongly). The 44 items deal with different types of behavior related to the Big Five. For the present study, the BFI will be used to measure the variable of conscientiousness. BFI items related to conscientiousness included â€Å"perseveres until the task is finished†, â€Å"is a reliable worker†, and â€Å"does things efficiently†. Lubben Social Network Scale (LSNS-6; Lubben &Gironda, 2003) The LSNS-6 is a test of a set of questions establishing ties with relatives and ties with non-relatives. Examples of these questions include â€Å"How many relatives do you see or hear from at least once a month?† and â€Å"How many friends do you see or hear from at least once a month? The participant chooses one of the options available for each question. These answers have corresponding points. Total scores of the participants may range from 0 to 30. A higher score indicates a higher level of social network. For this research, the LSNS-6 was used to measure social network size. A high score in the LSNS-6 was taken to signify a larger social network size while a low score meant a smaller social network size. Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES; Rosenberg, 1989) The RSES measures global self-esteem. The test is composed of 10 items. Responses are given on a 5-point Likert-type scale (1-strongly disagree to 5-strongly agree). A sample question is â€Å"At times I feel like I am no good at all.† Subjective Happiness Scale (SHS; Lyubominsky, and Lepper , 1999) The SHS measures global subjective happiness. The test consists of four items. Responses are given on a 7-point Likert-type scale (1-7). A sample question is â€Å"Some people are generally very happy. They enjoy life regardless of what is going on, getting the most out of everything. To what extent does this characterization describe you?† Gratitude Questionnaire (GQ; McCullough, Emmons, and Tsang, 2002) The gratitude questionnaire is a self-report test measuring global gratitude. The test consists of six items. Responses are given on a 7-point Likert-type scale (1-stronlgy disagree to 7-strongly agree). A sample item is â€Å"If I had to list everything that I was grateful for, it would be a very long list.† Tendency to Forgive Scale (TTF; Brown, 2002) The TTF is a test measuring global forgiveness tendencies. The test consists of four items. Responses are given on a 7-point Likert-type scale (1-strongly disagree to 7-strongly agree). A sample item is â€Å"I tend to get over it quickly when someone hurts my feelings.† Procedure Questionnaires were handed out to all participants in their respective classrooms of Research Method in Psychology at the California State University, Fullerton. Participants were given instructions as a group and were told that participation in this study would be anonymous. It was also stated that they may voluntarily choose to participate and could withdraw at anytime. The whole session took about 15-30 minutes. Participants were provided informed consent prior to the administration of the test and were debriefed after they finished. Results The results showed that individuals’ with a smaller social network size (mean=4.10) were significantly less satisfied compared to those with life larger social network size (mean=5.05; t(89)= -3.79, p.001). There was a noted positive correlation between optimism and satisfaction with life (r = 0.543, p = 0.01). A positive correlation was also found between conscientiousness and satisfaction with life (r = 0.222, p = 0.05) Discussion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The main purpose of this research was to establish whether a relationship existed between satisfaction with life and optimism, and satisfaction with life and conscientiousness. Another purpose was to establish whether social network size made a difference to satisfaction with life. The original hypothesis of the study stated that a significant positive relationship would be found between satisfaction with life and optimism as well as between satisfaction with life and conscientiousness. It was also hypothesized that social network size would not have a significant difference on satisfaction with life. The hypotheses of the present study were based on the findings of past researches. (Quinn et al, 1980; Bowling et al, 1991; Austrom et al, 2003; Chang and Sanna, 2003; Chapman et al, 2007; Lounsbury et al, 2005) The results of the current study show that there is a significantly positive relationship between satisfaction with life and two variables it was compared against, namely, optimism and conscientiousness. Results also showed a significant difference with social network size and satisfaction with life. The initial hypotheses for optimism and conscientiousness were supported. The hypothesis regarding social network size, however, was rejected by the statistical results. The findings on optimism and conscientiousness validate past research findings. These showed that greater optimism in life contributed to greater satisfaction with life (Austrom et al., 2003). Optimism was also found to be a good predictor of life satisfaction (Chang and Sanna, 2003). Past findings established conscientiousness to be a contributing factor to life satisfaction (Lounsbury et al, 2005) as well as a variable directly related to higher quality of life ratings (Chapman et al., 2007). The findings on social network size, on the other hand, disagree with past research findings where social network interaction was not found to be related to life satisfaction (Quinn et al., 1980) and where the size of the individual’s social network was determined to be a bad predictor of life satisfaction (Bowling et al., 1991). Optimism may be able to affect life satisfaction positively due to the fact that a positive outlook on life can also cause a better assessment of past experiences not just of present circumstances. If one is able to achieve a better disposition towards life, the tendency to overlook the negativity that will detract from satisfaction felt towards life will be greater. This shows that the statistical significance of optimism (r=0.543, p=0.01) with satisfaction with life is warranted. Conscientiousness, on the other hand, was also positively correlated to (r=0.035, p=0.05) with satisfaction with life. This may be due to the fact that conscientiousness indicates a better ability to handle life experiences. Conscientiousness, as defined in the Big Five Inventory (Donahue et al., 2001), entails caution, dependability, organization and responsibility. These characteristics when applied to the everyday behavior and experiences of an individual are most likely to indicate an individual who achieves success. People who are more cautious, more dependable, more organized, and more responsible are the ones who are achievers in human society. It may be that the success and achievement linked with conscientious people is also the link that sustains their satisfaction with life. This is not to say that individuals deemed to have low conscientiousness are not likely to feel satisfaction with life. The findings only suggest that a high level of conscientiousness predicts life satisfaction to great extent. The discussion of how social network size is related to satisfaction with life should be done with care. The fact that previous research found no significant difference between social network and life satisfaction may have been due to the inadequacy of measurement with the past research. Quinn et al. (1980), for example, concentrated on the interaction that occurred in social network and not size. This meant that Quinn et al. (1980) focused on the quality of the individual’s social network and not on the quantity. Bowling et al. (1991), on the other hand, compared two different localities and this is what might have caused the inconsistencies in their findings concerning social network size and life satisfaction. Inherent characteristics of urban and rural locations could have played into action and caused the insignificant findings. For the present study, however, the significant difference between social network size and life satisfaction makes sense especially because social network size is also an indicator of an individual’s degree of social interaction as well as sources of social support; both of which are essential in an individual’s development. The findings of this study are limited because of the small sample size used. A bigger sample that is more representative of the general population should be used in future research. In addition, only a few variables concerning satisfaction with life were investigated. Future research should incorporate more variables that may affect life satisfaction into the study. The variables of social support, social interaction, and pessimism are a few of the factors that should be investigated. The significant relationship between social network size and life satisfaction should also be validated by future studies as the results in this study are not in agreement with previous works. The implications of the study are far-reaching. Establishing the relationships existing between life satisfaction, optimism, and conscientiousness allows different clinicians and practitioners in the healthcare system a chance to improve their handling of clients with low satisfaction with life. This may most likely involve older adults. Because satisfaction with life in itself is a concept that health-care workers find hard to deal with, finding other personality traits and variables that are related to it enables these workers an alternative in aiding these types of patients. Increasing optimism and improving conscientiousness in an individual can help to increase their satisfaction with life. In addition, increasing the size of the client’s social network will improve their satisfaction with life. The present study’s findings can also be expanded to teachers in the field of education. Satisfaction of their students can be increased by allowing them to feel more optimistic about their activities also by guiding them to be more conscientious in their behavior. Also, increasing opportunities for students to enlarge their social networks can also help these students improve their feelings of satisfaction with life. References Austrom, M.G., Perkins, A. J., Damush, T. M., & Hendrie, H. C. (2003). Predictors of life satisfaction in retired physicians and spouses. Social Psychiatry & Psychiatric Epidemiology, 38, 134-141 Bowling, A., Farquhar, M., & Browne, P. (1991). Life satisfaction and associations with social network and support variables in three samples of elderly people. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 6, 549-566 Brown, R. (2003). 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